Before Freud popularized the unconscious, we lived in an era of consciousness. The history of man until the nineteenth century was directed at conscious thought and action. Now we are in an era of the unconscious.
When inner healers use the word unconscious (and its equivalents), they use it in the Freudian sense, which is a specific mental state. The common meaning of the word unconscious is quite different from the Freudian unconscious. The unconscious, as a general term before Freud popularized it and even now, refers to the thoughts, memories, feelings, etc. of which we are not presently conscious.
However, the Freudian unconscious is one in which these thoughts, memories, feelings, etc. determine one's behavior. With this kind of unconscious, you do not do what you do or think what you think because of a conscious choice; you are driven by your unconscious.
Freud used the iceberg as his model of the unconscious. According to Freud, the entire iceberg represents the mind, and only the tip is fully accessible to the person. It includes all information and memories that are not accessible through recall, as well as present thoughts and mental activity.
The huge mass beneath the waterline does not simply represent all that is presently outside conscious awareness; it supposedly contains all that drives, motivates, and determines behavior outside conscious volition. Psychologists Hilgard, Atkinson, and Atkinson point this out in their standard work on psychology.
Freud compared the human mind to an iceberg: the small part that shows above the surface of the water represents conscious experience, while the much larger mass below water level represents the unconscious - a storehouse of impulses, passions, and inaccessible memories that affect our thoughts and behavior.
Agnes Sanford wrote:
But this much I do know: that this unseen part of me, whether submerged beneath the depths of my conscious self or rising above it, whether descending into hell or ascending into heaven, this also is myself. And if I am to be a whole person, this area of emanation or interpenetration must also be healed. I call this part of me the soul, or the "psyche." I might instead say "the unconscious" or the "subconscious," or "the deep mind" or the "spirit."
The inner healers use Freudian theory absent his name. All inner healers with which we are familiar use either the Freudian "unconscious" or some equivalent, absent the use of Freudian terms for the mind such as id, ego, and super ego. Inner healers' favorite terms they use for the Freudian unconscious are subconscious, heart, inner heart, and the inner child, or some variation of it, from psychiatrist W. Hugh Missildine and his book The Inner Child of the Past.
Biblical Basis for the Unconscious?
There is no biblical basis for the use of the unconscious. Freud stated that the unconscious is a place where all kinds of powerful drives and mysterious motivations cause people to do what they do. The implications of such a powerful seat of urges driving people to do all kinds of things flies in the face of God holding people responsible for their actions.
If people look for unconscious reasons for their behavior, they can excuse all sorts of behavior. But, the idea of the unconscious as a hidden region of the mind with powerful needs and motivational energy is not supported by the Bible or science.
We are tremendously complex beings, but psychological explanations about the inner workings of the soul are merely speculation. The only accurate source of information about the heart, soul, mind, will, and emotions is the Bible. Not only is the Bible accurate; the Lord Himself knows and understands exactly what lies hidden beneath the surface of every person. He knows and He brings cleansing to those inner parts that we may never understand. David prayed:
Search me, O God, and know my heart: try me, and know my thoughts: and see if there be any wicked way in me, and lead me in the way everlasting (Psalms 139:23, 24).
Teaching a Freudian concept of the unconscious is contrary to Scripture. Rather than relying on the Word of God and the indwelling Holy Spirit to search their hearts, inner healing victims will learn to rummage around in some kind of Freudian unconscious and remain focused on the self.
If you check all the usual Bible helps having to do with words and their meanings, you will not find one that equates the heart or any other word in the Bible with the Freudian unconscious. This is one of the many theological errors in the teachings of those who attempt to integrate psychology into Christianity.
The Bible focuses on the conscious mind, not on the unconscious. We see this throughout the Bible. The Bible is not deterministic in a Freudian unconscious sense. Conscious behavior and volition are hallmarks of Scripture.
For example, obeying the Great Commandment is a conscious choice. God's Spirit dwells in our hearts by faith and transforms the inner man, but these are not equivalent to a so-called unconscious. God works in us through conscious cooperation and volition on our part. When we assign motivation and action to the unconscious mind we throw out responsibility.
Scientific Basis for the Unconscious?
There is no scientific support for the Freudian idea of the unconscious. E. M. Thornton, in her book, The Freudian Fallacy, says:
This book makes the heretical claim that [Freud's] central postulate, the "unconscious mind," does not exist, that his theories were baseless and aberrational, and, greatest impiety of all, that Freud himself, when he formulated them, was under the influence of a toxic drug [cocaine] with specific effects on the brain.
University of California professor Richard Ofshe, with freelance journalist Ethan Watters, has written a book titled Therapy's Delusions. The subtitle revealing the book's content is The Myth of the Unconscious and the Exploitation of Today's Walking Worried. In discussing "The fallacy of the Freudian Unconscious," they say:
While it is clear that we all engage in out-of-awareness mental processes, the idea of the dynamic unconscious proposes a powerful shadow mind that, unknown to its host, willfully influences the most minor thought and behavior. There is no scientific evidence of this sort of purposeful unconscious, nor is there that psychotherapists have special methods for laying bare our out-of-awareness mental processes. Nevertheless, the therapist's claim to be able to expose and reshape the unconscious mind continues to be the seductive promise of many talk therapies.
